Récemment j’ai lu cet entrefilet journalistique sur LaNutrition.fr :
Marathon, triathlon, courses d’endurance : bon ou dangereux pour le coeur ?
A la lecture, mon sang n’a fait qu’un tour : « ça y est ! quelqu’un essaye encore d’aviver mes vieilles angoisses » .J’ai lu l’article qui compare des facteurs et des marqueurs de risques cardio-vasculaires des coureurs du marathon de Boston à leur conjoint. Le marathon de Boston est une course relevée nécessitant une qualification dans un autre marathon majeur. Les sujets sont donc déjà de très bons coureurs (3h05 chez les moins de 34 ans).
En fait, l’article est plutôt rassurant. Les auteurs concluent que les coureurs ont plutôt moins de facteurs de risques cardio-vasculaires que leur témoin. L’étude s’est également intéressée à l’épaisseur intima-media de la carotide pour essayer d’avoir une évaluation de l’athérosclérose des sujets. (L’intérêt de cette mesure est débattue en médecine vasculaire) Cette mesure n’est pas statistiquement différente entre les deux groupes.

Les auteurs écrivent dont que leur étude est rassurante comparativement à d’autres travaux qui penchaient vers une accélération de l’athérosclérose (coronarienne) chez les coureurs intensifs.

Et là j’ai fait une extrasystole. Ou deux. C’est quoi cette histoire d’athérosclérose augmentée par l’entrainement intensif ?
Je connaissais les histoires des morts subites lors des marathons et l’augmentation du risque de fibrillation auriculaire chez les sportifs d’endurance mais j’entendais ça d’une oreille distraite pour les raisons suivantes :
- La mort subite est un évènement rare (1/100000) survenant chez des sujets porteurs d’une pathologie non connue (cardiomyopathie hypertrophique, QT long, etc.) et/ou liée à un évènement coronarien brutal chez des coureurs plus âgés. La littérature * et mon suivi médical m’avaient rassuré de ce côté là.
- La fibrillation auriculaire peut arriver avec l’avancée en âge chez les sportifs d’endurance pratiquant de longues années. La dilatation des oreillettes est un facteur précipitant classique. Cette évolution a été bien montrée dans une large cohorte de skieurs de fond scandinaves. Mais même si vivre avec un trouble du rythme (et surtout son traitement) peut-être inquiétant, les données sur la mortalité sont rassurantes dans cette cohorte .
- Le sportif ne veut entendre que ce qu’il veut entendre .
Mais mais mais… j’ai été frappé par ce débat que je ne connaissais pas sur l’accélération de l’athérosclérose avec une pratique intense tout au long de sa vie. Je vivais tranquille avec la croyance que l’activité physique, même intense pouvait être bénéfique à tout âge.
Et patatra, en farfouillant Pubmed, je suis tombé sur les propos de James O’Keefe et Carl Lavie qui m’ont fait un peu peur…
la suite
*merci Jean-Marie !
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2 réponses sur « Les sports d’endurance et l’athérosclérose »
Tu veux dire que le « No sports » de Churchill, c’était peut être du bon sens ? 😉
je dévoile un peu du deuxième billet…
les Taïwanais vont te dire que non :

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846575